lspci

Overview

The lspci command lists all PCI buses and devices connected to them. It provides detailed information about hardware devices in the system.

Syntax

lspci [options]

Common Options

Option	Description
`-v`	Verbose mode
`-vv`	Very verbose mode
`-k`	Show kernel drivers
`-n`	Show PCI vendor/device codes
`-mm`	Machine readable format
`-t`	Show bus tree
`-s [[[[<domain>]:]<bus>]:][<device>][.[<func>]]`	Show specific device
`-d [<vendor>]:[<device>]`	Show specific vendor/device
`-i <file>`	Use specified ID database
`-D`	Show domain numbers

Key Use Cases

Hardware identification
Driver troubleshooting
System inventory
Hardware verification
Device monitoring

Examples with Explanations

Example 1: Basic List

lspci

Show basic device list

Example 2: Verbose Info

lspci -v

Show detailed device information

Example 3: Kernel Drivers

lspci -k

Show kernel modules for devices

Understanding Output

Format:

Bus:Device.Function Class: Vendor Device Description

Example:

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 620

Common Usage Patterns

Check graphics card:
```
lspci | grep -i vga
```
Network interfaces:
```
lspci | grep -i ethernet
```
Show device tree:
```
lspci -t
```

Performance Analysis

Fast execution
System bus scanning
PCI configuration space access
Database lookup time
Memory efficient

Additional Resources

Hardware Categories

Graphics cards
Network interfaces
Storage controllers
USB controllers
Audio devices

Best Practices

Regular hardware checks
Driver verification
Update PCI database
Document changes
Monitor performance