man

Updated

July 31, 2026

Overview

man displays the system manual. Sections cover commands, syscalls, libraries, file formats, and admin topics. Still the authoritative offline reference.

Syntax

man [section] name
man [options] name

Sections (common)

Sec Content Example
1 User commands man 1 printf
2 System calls man 2 open
3 Library functions man 3 printf
4 Devices man 4 null
5 File formats man 5 passwd
7 Overviews/conventions man 7 signal
8 Admin commands man 8 mount

Common Options

Option Description
-k / --apropos Search short descriptions
-f / --whatis One-line summary
-a All matching sections
-w Path to man file
-K Full-text search (slow)
MANPAGER Override pager

Examples with Explanations

Basics

man ls
man 5 sshd_config
man man

Disambiguate

man -a printf          # cycle sections
man 3 printf           # C library
whatis printf

Where is the page?

man -w ls

Readable width / browser

MANWIDTH=80 man ls
man -Hxdg-open ls      # HTML if supported

Pager keys (less)

/pattern, n, g/G, q, h help.