top

Updated

July 31, 2026

Overview

top provides a real-time, interactive view of system load and processes. Use it for live triage; use ps for snapshots and scripting, htop for a friendlier UI when installed.

Syntax

top [options]

Common Options

Option Description
-b Batch mode (non-interactive)
-n N Number of iterations
-d secs Delay between updates
-p PID Watch specific PIDs
-u user Only user’s processes
-H Threads
-o field Sort field (GNU)

Interactive keys (defaults)

Key Action
h Help
q Quit
P/M/T Sort CPU / mem / time
k Kill PID
r Renice
f Fields
1 Per-CPU breakdown
W Save config

Examples with Explanations

Interactive

top

Batch snapshot for logs

top -b -n 1 | head -n 30

One user

top -u deploy

Specific PID

top -p 1,$$

Understanding Output

Load averages, task counts, CPU states (us/sy/id/wa/st), memory/swap summary, then process table. High wa suggests I/O wait; high st suggests hypervisor steal.